Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relation between major depressions and glucose control index in type 2 diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One- hundred thirty four patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in this study. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and HbA1c were measured in patients. Linear mixed-model analysis was applied to determine the relation between HbA1c levels and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Groups of patients with and without depression were similar in age and BMI. Correlation analysis revealed no significant relationship between HAM-D scores and HbA1c level. Depressive scores were significantly higher in diabetic patients with hypertension (P = 0.0001) and on insulin treatment (P = 0.005). There was a significant positive relationship between HAM-D scores and disease duration. (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study showed that there was no significant association between the level of depressive symptoms and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes.

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OBJECTIVES: To investigate fasting glucose, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and insulin–like growth factor 1 in patients with or without colorectal polyps. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated fasting glucose, insulin, insulin–like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), lipid profile and glucose tolerance test in 103 patients undergoing colonoscopy (52 normal and 53 with Adenomatous polyps). We also estimated homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in two groups. Statistical analyses were performed using the Student T-test and Chi-square test. For all tests a P value ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean of waist circumference (P < 0.01), waist to hip ratio (P < 0.01), fasting serum glucose (P < 0.05), total cholesterol (P < 0.05), and LDL (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in patients with adenomatous polyps. The mean of HDL was significantly lower in patients with adenomatous polyps (P < 0.01). There was no relation between fasting serum insulin, IGF-1 and glucose tolerance test with adenomatous polyps. Hence HOMA-IR was higher in patients with adenomatous polyps (2.9 ± 2.6 vs. 2.82 ± 2.1), this difference was not significant statistically. CONCLUSION: Fasting hyperglycemia could be a risk factor to adenomatous polyps’ development. Although this study did not show any relation between insulin resistance index and adenomatous polyps, further studies are needed for more evaluation.

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OBJECTIVE: During recent years, opium consumption has increased among Iranian diabetic men. The belief that opium consumption can control or even eradicate DM is increasing. This study was conducted to compare the blood sugar, HbA1c, lipid profile and the frequency of diabetes complications in male type II diabetic patient with and without opium consumption. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred thirty two type 2 diabetic men were included in a case- control study between September 2009 and June 2010. They were divided into two groups: with (n= 88), and without (n=144) current opium consumption. Serum glucose was measured by two methods: hexokinase (automized and manual) and orthotolidine method, and Hb A1C was measured by chromatographic ion exchange. The opium consumption was evaluated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of urine. Analyses were performed using SPSS and P≤0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: There was not a significant age difference between two groups. The mean duration of opium use was 36±6 months. The difference between mean serum fasting glucose levels in different methods of measurement was not significant between case and control groups. The results of this study showed a significant lower level of serum HbA1C (p=0.006) and triglyceride (p=0.005) in diabetic patients with opium abuse, but the frequency of peripheral neuropathy and ophthalmic photocoagulation was not different between two groups. CONCLUSION: Although the HbA1c was lower in males with opium consumption, the frequency of chronic complications of diabetes was not significantly different between two groups. We didn't evaluate other complications of opium consumption, especially mental and physical dependence. In summary, despite observed effects on some of glucose indices, opium is not a harmless treatment for diabetes.

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Objective: Remote Ischemic Preconditioning (RIPC) as the transient ischemia and reperfusion of the arm is a promising method for protecting different tissue from future ischemia. These effects might be mediated through vascular and endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. We investigated the influence of RIPC on diabetic macular edema (DME) as a chronic ischemic condition in patients who were candidate to receive anti-VEGF therapy.
Materials and Methods: In this Single blinded, randomized controlled trial, 40 eligible type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with macular edema who were candidate to receive anti-VEGF therapy randomized into intervention (CP) and sham controlling (SP). The CP received RIPC in three consecutive days before anti-VEGF injection. Data of optical cochrane tomography (OPC) before and 10 days after procedure were compared as outcomes.
Results: Central foveal volume and visual acuity mean difference before and after intra-vitral anti-VEGF injection in both groups was significant. There were no significant mean differences in central macular thickness in case groups. Comparing the mean between two groups did not show a significant difference in visual acuity, central foveal volume (P-value: 0.69) and central macular thickness (P-value: 0.62). There were no significant differences in the desired changes pattern of DME between two groups (P-value: 1.00).
Conclusion: This pilot study did not show any additive positive effect of RIPC on retinal outcomes especially visual acuity in T2DM patients with DME who were received anti-VEGF treatment.