Showing 287 results for Diabetes
Mohammad Afkhami-Ardekani, Maryam Rashidi, Ahmad Shojaoddiny-Ardekani,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (9-2009)
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease are the two common endocrinopathies seen in adult population. Studies to evaluate thyroid disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes are lacking. The aim of this study was to compare prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and autoim-munity in type 2 diabetic patients with age and sex matched non-diabetic control group.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Among patients referred to Yazd Diabetes Research Center, 2797 type 2 diabetic patients were recruited. Clinical examination were carried out and samples for thyroid function test were obtained including thyroxin (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), T3 Resin Uptake (T3RU), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TG-Ab). They were compared with 4844 non-diabetic, age and sex matched control subjects.
RESULTS: Our findings showed that the levels of thyroid hormone were not significantly different from levels in non-diabetic controls (P < 0.05). Positive TPO antibody was found in 1032 type 2 diabetic patients (36.9%) versus 1802 (37.2%) in control group (P = 0.8). Positive both thyroid antibodies, TPO antibody and TG antibody were found in 314 diabetic patients (11.2%) versus 516 (10.8%) in controls (P = 0.54).
CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the frequency of thyroid autoimmunity is not significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients than in non-diabetic control group.
Seyed Khalil Forouzannia, Seyed Mohammad Mohammadi, Seyed Jalil Mirhosseini, Mohammad Hossein Abdollahi, Seyed Hossain Moshtaghion, Habibbolla Hosseini, Seyed Ali Banifateme, Seyed Mehdi Hosseini, Sedigheh Soheilykhah, Dehghanizade Dehghanizade,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (9-2009)
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Hyperglycemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients following coronary artery bypass grafting. Tight glycemic control in perioperative period can reduce these events. The goal of this study was to determine whether combination of continuous infusion and subcutaneous glargine as a basal insulin could improve glycemic control.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Diabetic patients who were candidate for CABG were randomized to receive continuous insulin infusion with or without subcutaneous Glargine insulin for at least 72 hours which started 24 hours before surgery and continued for 48 hours after surgery.
RESULTS: A total 84 subjects were required. In group A (n = 45) continuous insulin infusion was used for glycemic control and in group B (n = 39) we used continuous insulin infusion with subcutaneous glargine insulin. Blood glucose level was significantly better in desirable range in group B in comparison to group A. Total mean blood glucose level in group A was 186.1 mg/dl and in group B was 174.3 mg/dl (P = 0.008). Frequency of hypoglycemia (blood glucose <70 mg/dl) was 0.66% in group A and 0.5% in group B that was similar (P = 0.530). The mean length of stay in the hospital was not different between two groups (P = 0.288).
CONCLUSION: We found out that a combination of continuous insulin infusion and glargine insulin as main basal insulin can improve glycemic control in diabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.
Mina Khabaz, Maryam Rashidi, Fatemeh Kaseb, Mohammad Afkhami-Ardekani,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (9-2009)
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Type 2 diabetes is associated with elevated oxidative stress and decline in antioxidant defense. Vitamin E supplementation reduces oxidative stress level in diabetic pa-tients. Purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin E supplementation on glycemic control and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study 31 type 2 diabetic patients with Fasting blood Sugar (FBS):140-200 mg/dl, Triglyceride (TG): 200-400 mg/dl, Cholesterol (TC): 200-300 mg/dl and mild hypertension were selected. Subjects received vitamin E 800 IU/day for 3 months. At the baseline and end of the study FBS, TC, TG, LDL, HDL, Glycated hemoglobin and fasting insulin level were measured.
RESULTS: In this study 31 type 2 diabetic patients (19 female, 12 male) with mean age 53.03 ± 8.87 years were studied. Vitamin E supplementation for 3 months had no positive effect on type 2 diabetic patients. As FBS, TG and fasting insulin decreased but this decline was not significant. Also total Cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure changes were not remarkable.
CONCLUSION: Results of this study showed that 800 IU vitamin E administration for 3 months could not improve blood glucose, lipids , HbA1c, fasting insulin, systolic and diastolic BP in type 2 diabetic patients.
Javad Mohiti-Ardekani, Fria Talebi, Mohammad Afkhami-Ardekani,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (9-2009)
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Leptin is a hormone resulting from the obesity gene which could be important in the pathogenesis of the insulin. Only limited data concerning the interaction of insulin, glucose tolerance and free leptin are available and no data exist on the potential influence of free vs. bound circulating leptin. We, therefore, studied percentage of free to total leptin in diabetic patients.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty non-insulin dependent diabetic obese patients (age: 50±20 years, BMI >30 kg/m²) and 30 non-insulin dependent diabetic non-obese patients (age: 50±20 years, BMI <25 kg/m²) were studied. Free leptin was purified by Gel filtration chroma-tography and the fractions were collected and then their free leptin was measured by a high sensitive ELISA method. Circulation total leptin and insulin was measured by ELISA.
RESULTS: Circulation total leptin was significantly correlated to insulin (P < 0.005). Percen-tage of free leptin to total in obese subjects was more than non-obese subjects (27% ± %1 vs. %3 ± %4, [P < 0.001]). Percentage of free to total leptin showed a positive correlation with insulin (r = 0.58 [P < 0.001]), insulin resistance (r = 31 [P < 0.015]) and BMI (r = 0.86 [P < 0.001]).
CONCLUSION: The majority of leptin which circulates in obese individuals was free form. Presumably it is bioactive protein of hormone and thus obese subjects are resistant to free leptin.
Mohammad Afkhami-Ardekani, Mahdi Karimi, Seyed Mohammad Mohammadi, Forough Nourani, Sedigheh Soheilykhah,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (9-2009)
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness causing considerable morbidity and mortality. Enormous advances have been made in medical care but more people are still having tendency to use herbal or alternative remedies. This study is a randomized, controlled trial on type 2 diabetic patients. The subject consisted of 60 patients divided randomly into three groups and supple-mented daily with 100 mg sodium metavanadate and 660 mg zinc sulfate or placebo for six weeks. The following were checked at baseline of the study and after six weeks: Body Mass Index (BMI), Blood Pressure (BP), Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), 2-h postprandial glucose (2hpp), Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Triglyceride (TG), Total Cholesterol (TC), Low-Density Lipo-proteins, and High-Density Lipoproteins. Also HbA1c, BMI and BP were measured after 12 weeks to evaluate the long-term effects of drugs. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 11.5. Data of continuous variables are expressed as means ± standard deviation. Differences between groups were assessed by the paired T-test. Comparison between three groups was done by Post Hoc Tests. Mean age of patients was 51.39 ± 8.60 years. The results of this study show a significant decrease in TG (P = 0.01) and BMI (P = 0.03). After 12 weeks, there was a signifi-cant decrease in BMI (P =0.01) in Sodium metavanadate group. Due to zinc sulfate administra-tion, significant decrease was seen in TG (P =0.005), TC (P = 0.02), LDL (P = 0.01) and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.02). After 12 weeks, there was a significant decrease in HbA1c (P = 0.04) with zinc sulfate consumption. Consumption of zinc sulfate in type 2 diabetic patients could be effective in lipid profile. It is recommended to use another vanadium compound to achieve better results.
Abolghasem Rahimdel, Mohammad Afkhami-Ardekani, Amin Souzani, Mojgan Modaresi, Mohammad Reza Mashahiri,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (9-2009)
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of the sensory neuropathy in type 2 diabetic patients referring to Yazd Diabetes Research Center. Neuropathy is one of the most common complications of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes melli-tus.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study on 2350 diabetic patients (1071 male, 1279 female) referred to Yazd Diabetes Research Center (Iran) from June 2007 to February 2008. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire including demographic subject, duration, body weight and length, lab test (HbA1c, 2hpp, FBS), Body Mass Index (BMI). Blood Pressure was measured on the right arm after a five-min rest. Neuropathy was confirmed using a Semmes Weinstein 10 g monofilament over 10 areas of the feet, ankle reflexes and vibration over the great toe and ankle.
RESULTS: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes and diabetic sensory neuropathy in Yazd province is 14.5% and 51.7%, respectively. The prevalence of sensory neuropathy in male was 49.9% and 53.2 % in female, that increased by age (P = 0.001), duration of diabetes (P = 0.001), HbA1c (P = 0.001) and poor glycemic control (high FBS and 2hpp).
CONCLUSION: Age, duration of diabetes, HbA1c and poor glycemic control were considered to be the risk factors for sensory neuropathy
Mohammad Afkhami-Ardekani, Mohsen Zahmatkash,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (9-2009)
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes is a common disorder recognized as a major health problem in Iran. Diabetes is a major source of morbidity, mortality and economic cost to society. Diabetic patients are at risk of experiencing macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of type 2 diabetes complications and their contributing factors.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 1000 the type 2 diabetic patients referred to Yazd Diabetes Research Center. All diabetic patients underwent the specific tests for retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, peripheral vascular diseases (PVD) and cardiovascular diseases (CAD). Logistic regression analysis was used to find out strength of association of risk factors with a specific complication.
RESULTS: In this study 1000 type 2 diabetic patients (457 male, 543 female) were studied. Nephropathy was diagnosed in 285 (28.5%), retinopathy in 519 (51.9%), CAD in 251 (25.1%), PVD in 143 (14.3%), CVA in 109 (10.9%) and foot ulcer in 84 patients (8.4%).
CONCLUSION: In this study the most important contributing factors in diabetic complications were age, duration of diabetes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin and Body Mass Index (BMI). So glycemic and blood pressure control can prevent diabetic complications or at least delay them.
Mitra Zolfaghari, Seideh Azemat Mousavifar, Shadan Pedram ,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (9-2009)
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to compare the effectiveness of two methods of follow-up: Short Message Service (SMS) versus telephone call on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in type 2 diabetes.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This semi-experimental study consisted of 77 patients with type 2 diabetes who were randomly assigned into two groups: telephone follow-up (n = 39) and Short Message Service (n = 38). Telephone interventions were applied by researchers for 3 months. SMS group received message daily for 12 weeks. Data were collected using data sheet to record HbA1c and a questionnaire consisted of demographic characteristics. Data gathering was performed at two points: at the baseline of the study and after 12 weeks. Data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 using descriptive and inferential statistics methods.
RESULTS: Demographic variables were confirmed to be homogenous. The results of this study showed that both interventions had significant mean changes in HbA1c for the telephone group (P = 0.001) with a mean change of -0.93% and for the SMS group (P = 0.001) with a mean change of -1.01%.
CONCLUSION: The findings of this research showed that intervention using SMS via mobile phone and nurse-led-telephone follow-up improves HbA1c for three months in type 2 diabetic patients and it can be considered as an alternative method for diabetes control.
Masoud Reza Manaviat, Maryam Rashidi,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (1-2010)
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) leads to some problems in the eye surgery specially cataract surgery. As the prevalence of eye problems is high in diabetic patients, we meant to assess the prevalence of PEX in diabetic patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 400 type 2 diabetic patients aged 50 or above who referred to Yazd Diabetes Research Center were selected consecutively in a year. Ophthalmologic examinations were performed with slit-lamp, 3-mirror lens, indirect Ophtalmoscopy and Applanation Goldman Tonometer. The criterion used to diagnose PEX was the presence of pseudoexfoliation material on one or more anterior segment structures.
RESULTS: Four hundred diabetic patients aged 50 years or above were recruited for the study. Of whom 24 patients were found to have PEX with an overall prevalence of 6%. The results of this study showed that the prevalence of PEX had a direct relationship with the age of participants until the age of 70.
CONCLUSION: In our study the prevalence of PEX was 6%. Comparing our results with similar studies in the same region in non-diabetic patients at the same age, the prevalence of PEX in diabetic patients was shown to be less than non-diabetic patients.
Mohammad Afkhami–ardekani, Laleh Borgian, Javad Mohiti -Ardekani, Zohreh Chiti, Maryam Rashidi, Laila Azod,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (1-2010)
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between serum level of testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin in men with type 2 diabetes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this case-control study, forty men aged 40-70 with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly selected and compared with 40 non-diabetic men. The two groups were matched for their age and BMI. After complete observation and examination, fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar, total and free testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin and HbA1c were measured.
RESULTS: The mean serum level of total testosterone was 9.65 ± 2.16 mg/dl in diabetic patients and 12.77 ± 3 mg/dl in non-diabetic subjects which was significantly different (P = 0.0001). The mean value of free serum level of testosterone was significantly higher in non-diabetic group (14.96 ± 4.97 mg/dl) in comparison with diabetic group (9.55 ± 8.14 mg/dl, P = 0.0001).
CONCLUSION: In this study we found a lower level of total testosterone, free testosterone, and in lesser extent sex hormone-binding globulin in men with type 2 diabetes comparing to non-diabetic men.
Mohammad Reza Rezvanfar, Bahman Salehi, Mohammad Rafiee, Faezeh Shirian ,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (1-2010)
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relation between major depressions and glucose control index in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: One- hundred thirty four patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in this study. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and HbA1c were measured in patients. Linear mixed-model analysis was applied to determine the relation between HbA1c levels and depressive symptoms.
RESULTS: Groups of patients with and without depression were similar in age and BMI. Correlation analysis revealed no significant relationship between HAM-D scores and HbA1c level. Depressive scores were significantly higher in diabetic patients with hypertension (P = 0.0001) and on insulin treatment (P = 0.005). There was a significant positive relationship between HAM-D scores and disease duration. (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: The findings of this study showed that there was no significant association between the level of depressive symptoms and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Mohammad Afkhami-Ardekani, Maryam Rashidi, Ahmad Shojaoddiny ,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (1-2010)
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate association between thyroid dysfunction, and lipid profile and glycated hemoglobin in type 2 diabetic patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out in type 2 diabetic patients who referred to Yazd Diabetes Research Center. A total of 1200 type 2 diabetic patients who had thyroid dysfunction according to clinical examinations and laboratory results were chosen as case group and 1200 type 2 diabetic patients who were matched with case in age, sex and duration of diabetes and had no thyroid dysfunction confirmed by clinical and laboratory examination, were chosen as control group. In this study the following variables were measured: Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profiles [Total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG)].
RESULTS: There was a significant difference between HbA1c (8.9 ±1.99 vs. 7.1±1.02), TG (234.07 ± 88.69 vs. 205.89 ± 58.47), TC (209.56 ± 45.59 vs. 199.48 ± 41.55), LDL (125.05 ± 46.5 vs. 114.5 ± 45.42) and HDL (37.69 ± 16.78 vs. 43.79 ± 20.25) between two groups (P = 0.001). Moreover, a higher proportion of type 2 diabetic patients with thyroid dysfunction had elevated levels of TC (52.3% vs. 43.6%) (P = 0.001), LDL cholesterol (71.8% vs. 64.3%) (P = 0.001), HbA1c (83.8% vs. 35.9%) (P = 0.001) and TG (84.3% vs. 81.2%) (P = 0.02) compared with euthyroid group.
CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that screening of thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients is necessary because thyroid dysfunction can produce significant metabolic disturbances.
Farhad Fatehi , Golnaz Malekzadeh , Atefeh Akhavimirab , Maryam Rashidi , Mohammad Afkhami-Ardekani,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (1-2010)
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Diabetes mellitus has shown a tremendous health and social burden worldwide. Better glycemic control in patients with diabetes can be achieved by improving their knowledge which consequently will prevent developing microvascular and neurological complications. Some studies demonstrate effectiveness of Short Message Service (SMS) for patient education. Regarding exponential growth in mobile phone penetration and its text messaging service in Iran, we decided to evaluate effectiveness of sending SMS in improving knowledge of patients with type 2 diabetes in Yazd, Iran.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, 100 patients with diabetes were randomly allocated into Intervention Group or Control Group. Short messages were sent to the mobile phones of intervention group every other day using an Internet-based messaging system for 45 days. The control group just received the invitation messages for taking part in the study and a free physician visit. Knowledge of patients was assessed using a questionnaire with 20 multiple choice questions.
RESULTS: Eighty one patients (43 intervention group, 38 control group) concluded the study. Mean of correct answers in intervention group improved significantly (P < 0.001) from 7.92 to 11.51 after 45 days, while this difference was not significant in control group. Mean of incorrect answers decreased from 8.00 to 7.00 in intervention group, but it increased from 8.90 to 9.45 in control group. The change of mean score, before and after the intervention, was significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: SMS is an effective means of conveying information to the patients with diabetes who own a mobile phone. Further studies are suggested to check whether this improvement in knowledge will lead to change in their attitude and/or practice.
Robab Sheikhpour, Bemanali Jalali, Parichehr Yaghmaei, Mohammad Afkhami-Ardekani, Maryam Rashidi,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (4-2010)
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The present study was performed to compare the antioxidant effect of two different doses of zinc on lipid oxidation in type 2 diabetic patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 type 2 diabetic patients in Yazd Diabetes Research Center in 2008. The subjects were randomly allocated to receive Zinc sulfate (Iran, Alhavi) either 220 mg (containing 50 mg zinc) or 110 mg (containing 25 mg zinc) daily for two months.
RESULTS: In the present study it was found that serum levels of zinc at the end of trial differed significantly after 50 mg/day zinc supplementation (P = 0.002), but this difference was not observed with dose of 25 mg/day zinc administration. There were no significant differences in the quantitative parameters of serum lipid oxidation after either of two doses of Zinc Sulfate (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: This study showed zinc supplementation with 50 mg daily for two months could increase serum level of zinc significantly, but we did not observed any change in susceptibility of serum lipid oxidation by 25 or 50 mg zinc supplementation in diabetic patients.
Abbass Morshedi, Mohammad Hossein Dashti-Rahmatabadi,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (4-2010)
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease which affects many organ systems in the body and is associated with a progressive weight loss. Many diabetic patients used to consume herbal remedies to relieve their symptoms. Black tea and its fermented remedy which is made by cultivating the Kombucha mushroom in a mixture of warm tea and sugar are widely used by diabetic patients throughout the world.
In this study, the effect of chronic consumption of black and Kombucha tea on weight loss was investigated in diabetic Rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) was used to induce diabetes mellitus in rats and blood glucose higher than 300 mg/dl was considered as the criterion for the diabetes induction. Control animals received tap water while the sham and test groups consumed sweet black tea solution and different diluents of Kombucha tea solution (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%), respectively for 15 days as their drink. Animals weight was measured before DM induction and on days 1, 3, 7 and 15 after DM induction. Data were analyzed as mean ± SEM on different days and in different groups by using T-test and one-way ANOVA.
RESULTS: All diabetic animals showed a significant weight loss (P < 0.05) which continued progressively in control group, but in animals consuming black or Kombucha tea, there was a progressive weight gain during the experimental procedure, so at the end of the experiment, the animals weight in these groups was the same as their weight before DM induction ( P > 0.05). At the end of this experiment there was no significant difference in the animals weight in black and Kombucha tea groups (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: According to our findings both black and Kombucha tea induce weigh gain in diabetic rats which may be due to some antidiabetic agents in these remedies.
Ali Reza Vahidi, Mohammad Hossein Dashti-Rahmatabadi, Seyyed Majid Bagheri,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (4-2010)
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: In traditional medicaments, Teucrium Polium is used as anti-fungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic. Modern researches have shown that use of T. polium in vitro leads to decrease in fatty acids. To confirm the anti-diabetic evidences of Teucrium polium this survey was done to evaluate the effect of boiled aqueous extract of T. polium on serum lipids, body weight and glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and Creatinine (CRT) in diabetic male rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 20 male rats became diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). The animals were divided randomly into two groups. The aerial parts of Teucrium polium was powdered, drenched and boiled. The experimental diabetic groups received this boiled extract (2% and 4%) freely for two weeks but the control group received tap water. Liver enzymes and biochemical parameters (cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, urea and Uric Acid) were measured by kinetic (Enzymatic) and colorimetric methods.
RESULTS: Our results showed that 4% dose of T. polium can decrease serum glucose and triglyceride significantly (P < 0.05), but cholesterol, urea, U Acid, ALT, AST and CRT were not significant between the test and control groups after using T. polium. 2% concentration of T. polium does not have any effect except on body weight.
CONCLUSION: Although the aqueous extract of Teucrium polium has hypoglycemic properties and can improve body weight in experimental animals, it seems that it does not have any effect on other factors and is not suitable as an alternative treatment.
Fatemeh Kaseb, Maryam Rashidi, Niloofar Vaziri ,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (4-2010)
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Since bread is the main source of food in Iran, we aimed to assess the effect of four types of Iranian breads on metabolic and cardiovascular responses before and during 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes of consumption in type 2 diabetic patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten type 2 diabetic patients (6 women and 4 men) with mean age of 51 ± 9.8 years and mean BMI of 31.9 ± 1.19 kg/m2 who were taking oral antidiabetic agents (Sulfonylurea or/and Metformin) or an antidiabetic dietary regimen alone were recruited in this study. After obtaining informed consent, the subjects received 60 g (2 serving) one of the four types of traditional breads (Sangak, Taftoon, Barbari, Lavash) in four visits. Blood samples were collected before and 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes after beginning of eating. 24-hour dietary recalls were obtained at the first, middle and end of the study.
RESULTS: The mean of blood glucose after consumption of all types of breads differed significantly at 60, 90, 120 and 180 min. At 180 min after ingestion of Sangak (P = 0.023), Taftoon (P = 0.002) and Lavash (P = 0.000), a significant difference was observed compared with before ingestion. Result indicated that Barbari bread has the best effect on fasting blood glucose.
Conclusion: Our findings indicated that Barbari bread has the best effect on control of blood glucose and consumption of whole-grain breads (Sangak and Barbari) may reduce glucose excursion, improving glycemic control and as a supplementary means of diabetic therapy.
Jahangir Ayatollahi,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (4-2011)
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This research was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients who were unaware of their eye condition.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in a 12-month period on patients who were referred to Meybod Imam Sadegh Diabetes Center. 152 patients who had no eye complaint were selected. Pupil dilation was created by Cyclopentolate and fondus examination was performed by indirect ophthalmoscope. In some cases for maculae examination, if needed, trimirror lens was used. Examination results and risk factors were recorded and statistically analyzed by SPSS.
RESULTS: Of the 152 visited patients, 38 were male and the rest were female. Mean age was 53.2 years and mean diabetic period was 6.2 years. Without gender consideration 11% suffered from one type of DR.
The results of this study showed that age, duration of disease, hypertension, blood sugar level and hyper lipidemia were effective risk factors for DR, but sex was not significantly related to DR.
CONCLUSION: Diabetic retinopathy is a well-recognized complication of diabetes mellitus. Screening programs for detecting diabetic retinopathy and early identification of disease could significantly decrease the complications of DR. By a good planning, such as periodic eye examinations and adequate treatment, blindness due to diabetic retinopathy can be reduced.
Seyed Reza Fatemi Tabatabaei, Ahmad Ali Papahn, Mohammad Razi Jalali, Lida Jalilian,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (4-2011)
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Streptozotocin (STZ) destroys the beta cells of pancreas by generation of reactive oxygen species and vitamin C has documented antioxidant properties. This study was designed to evaluate the preventive effect of supplementation of diet by vitamin C on induction of STZ-diabetes and its effect on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of diabetic rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into non-diabetic (ND), diabetic (D), C1, C2 and C3 groups. The diet of C1, C2 and C3 groups were supplemented with 2.5, 5 and 10 g/kg of vitamin C, respectively. Four days later all groups except ND, were made diabetic by IP injection of STZ and blood glucose was measured 72 h later to determine the severity of blood glucose elevation. Weight gain was measured weekly. 21 days after induction of diabetes Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-c and LDL-c were measured or calculated in plasma of 6 diabetic rats in each groups that their glucose was more than 200 mg/dl after STZ injection.
RESULTS: Vitamin C significantly prevented blood glucose elevation after STZ injection in group C2. Weight gain decreased in all diabetic groups. Increase of HbA1c could not be prevented by vitamin C in any groups. TC and LDL-c decreased and HDL% increased in group C3.
CONCLUSION: We suggest that the amount of vitamin C consumption may have an important effect on STZ-diabetes induction and it may be in agreement with opposite effects of free radicals on insulin receptor signaling. Furthermore, vitamin C may have some beneficial effects on lipid metabolism disorders of diabetes.
Amir Ziaee, Majid Sarreshtedari, Nejhla Abrishamchian, Toktam Karimzadeh, Sonia Oveisi, Azam Ghorbani,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (4-2011)
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of Lipoprotein (a) in diabetic patients comparing to control group.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the patients referred to Endocrinology Clinic of Bu Ali-Sina Hospital in 2009. 180 subjects including 90 diabetic and 90 healthy subjects as control group enrolled in this study. All diabetic patients had glycemic control. We measured serum FBS, TG, cholesterol, LDL, HDL and serum Lp (a) in both groups. Data were analyzed by T-test and chi-square.
RESULTS: BMI, sex and age were similar in two groups. Lp (a) level was significantly higher in diabetic ones compared with control group (35.27 ± 28.6 vs. 20.22 ± 10.3 mg/dl, P < 0.001). Serum TG, Cholesterol, LDL were also significantly higher in diabetics (P < 0.001) while HDL was lower. HDL-Cholesterol level was significantly higher in diabetic men than women [OR = 0.18 CI 95% (0.06- 0.56)], and there was positive correlation between FBS level and lipid profile.
CONCLUSION: Lp (a) as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis has elevated level in diabetic patients. So lowering its concentration would help prevention of CAD, a known cause of death in diabetic patients.
