en تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:115%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Objective</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">:</span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of swimming training on Fetuin-A, FGF21, and oxidative stress levels in the liver tissue of type 2 diabetic mice</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:115%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Materials and Methods</span></span></span></b><b><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">:</span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">A total of 32 male BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to four groups: healthy control (HC), healthy training (HT), diabetic control (DC) and diabetic training (DT). Type 2 diabetes was induced using a high fat diet combined with streptozotocin. Swimming sessions were conducted five days/week over eight weeks with progressive intensity. Liver samples were harvested 48 hours after the final session. Fetuin-A and FGF21 gene expression were measured via real-time PCR, and ROS levels were quantified using a fluorescence assay. One-way ANOVA with Tukey&#39;s post hoc test was used for comparisons (P&le; 0.05)</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:115%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Results</span></span></span></b><b><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Diabetes induction significantly increased Fetuin-A, FGF21, and ROS levels in the DC group compared to the HC group (<i>P</i>< 0.001). The adaptation resulting from eight weeks of swimming training in the diabetic exercise group probably decreased Fetuin-A and ROS and increased FGF21 (<i>P</i>< 0.001). In the HT group, decreased Fetuin-A and increased FGF21 were also observed compared to the HC group (<i>P</i>< 0.001).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:115%"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Conclusion:</span></span></span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Swimming training modulates key hepatokines(decreasing Fetuin-A and increasing FGF21) and reduces oxidative stress, thereby creating a more favorable metabolic environment in the liver of diabetic mice. These findings in the studied group suggest that swimming training could probably be considered as a non-pharmacological strategy.</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Type 2 diabetes, Swimming training, Fetuin-A, FGF21, Oxidative stress, Liver 208 218 http://ijdo.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-30-489&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mozhgan Zare 0009-0009-3726-7538 No M.Sc. in Exercise Physiology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran Sirous Farsi 0000-0002-5339-4205 No Department of Sports Physiology, Laristan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Laristan, Iran. Ali Shaker 0009-0009-5023-1521 Yes Department of Exercise Physiology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.