en تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of endurance activity on XBP-1 protein content in sciatica tissue of diabetic male Wistar rats.<br> <strong>Materials and Methods</strong><strong>:</strong> The experimental design was a post-test design with control group. In this study, 32 male Wistar 10 weeks old rats with the mean weight of 253.16 (&plusmn;10.16) grams were randomly divided into four groups: healthy control, healthy exercise, diabetic control and diabetic training group. An intraperitoneal injection of STZ (45 mg / kg) solution was used to induce diabetes after 12 hours fasting, 48 hours after STZ injection, the moderate-intensity endurance protocol was performed for 6 weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last training session, the mice were exposed and their sciatic nerve was extracted. The amount of XBP-1 protein was measured by ELISA method. For statistical analysis, SPSS software and two-way ANOVA with repeated measure and independent T-test were used.<br> <strong>Results:</strong> Data analysis showed that endurance activity had an effect on the amount of XBP-1 protein and reduced the protein content, so that the difference was significant in the diabetic training group compared to the diabetic control group (<em>P</em>-value: 0.007).<br> <strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>:</strong> These findings indicated that moderate aerobic exercise has a significant effect on the amount of XBP-1 protein in healthy and diabetic rats.<br> <br> &nbsp; Endoplasmic reticulum, Diabetes, Sciatic nerve, XBP-1 protein 187 193 http://ijdo.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-30-217&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mohamad Hamedifar 0000-0001-8704-9496 No PhD. Student, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Faculty of Physical Education, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran. Rahim Mirnasouri Mirnasoui:0000-0003-2591-8865 Yes Assistant Professor, Department of Sport Physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Faculty of Physical Education, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran. Masoud Rahmati 0000-0003-4792-027X No Assistant Professor, Department of Sport Physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Faculty of Physical Education, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.