en تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <strong>Objective:</strong> Pioglitazone is one of the oral medications of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of pioglitazone on&nbsp;asthma and diabetes treatment outcomes among patients with concurrent&nbsp;asthma&nbsp;and&nbsp;T2DM.<br> <strong>Materials and Methods</strong><strong>:</strong> We conducted a quasi-experimental study on 11 patients with concurrent&nbsp;asthma&nbsp;and&nbsp;T2DM in Yazd Afshar Hospital and Yazd diabetic research center 2014-2017. The inclusion criteria were patients between 20-60 years old, at least one year with concurrent&nbsp;asthma&nbsp;and&nbsp;T2DM (documented with spirometer, bronchodilator test), ejection fraction more than 50%. Patients who were smoker, on oral corticosteroids, phenobarbital, methotrexate, rifampin, phenytoin and gemfibrozil were excluded. Laboratory tests (FBS, HbA1c, 2hpp, leptin), spirometer test, exhaled nitric oxide were done before and after 10 weeks of pioglitazone medication. All patients were visited every two weeks. The before and after pioglitazone treatment differences were checked by paired t-test and Wilcoxon Rank sum test.<br> <strong>Results:</strong> The mean (&plusmn; SD) age of participants was 55.81 (&plusmn;7.66). The median of differences of leptin (p-value: 0.885), FEV1 to FVC (<em>P</em>-value: 0.185), FEV1 (p-value: 0.386), NO (<em>P</em>-value: 0.574), FVC percent (<em>P</em>-value: 0.477), FEV1 percent (<em>P</em>-value: 0.515) did not differ before and after pioglitazone treatment. &nbsp;&nbsp;<br> <strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>:</strong> Our finding suggested that pioglitazone may not be effective in the treatment and improvement of respiratory function in T2DM with concurrent&nbsp;asthma.&nbsp; Bronchial asthma, Thiazolidinedione, Diabetes mellitus-type 212 217 http://ijdo.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-30-256&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Reyhaneh Azizi 0000-0002-0996-045X No . Assistant Professor of Endocrinology, Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Nasim Namiranian 0000-0002-5133-6204 No Assistant Professor of Community and Preventive Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Saeedeh Jam Ashkezari 0000-0003-3851-6937 No Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Miaad Hassani Kaboutarkhani 0000-0002-4206-0779 No Medical Student, Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Somaye Gholami 0000-0002-1429-6688 No Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Zahra Davoudi 0000-0003-3332-9382 No Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Medical Center. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Aghaei Meybodi 0000-0002-5132-2494 Yes Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran