en تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <strong>Objective:</strong> L-carnitine is associated with an increase in antioxidant enzymes activities and reduction in oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic training and L-carnitine cconsumption on hippocampal oxidative stress and neurogenesis factors in diabetic rats.<br> <strong>Materials and Methods</strong><strong>:</strong> In this experimental study, 45 male wistar rats were divided into six groups including sham (5 rats), healthy control (8 rats), diabetic control (8 rats), diabetic receiving L-carnitine (8 rats), diabetic receiving aerobic exercise (8 rats), diabetic receiving L-carnitine and aerobic exercise (8 rats). Rats with serum glucose level higher than 300 mg/dL were considered diabetic. L-carnitine supplemented dose was 100 mg per day. The aerobic exercise protocol including five sessions per week started at a speed of 10 for 20 min at a zero-degree grade in the first week and gradually reached a speed of 20 for 40 min at a grade of 5 in the sixth week. The Hippocampal tissues of the dependent variables (BDNF, MDA and GPX) were measured by ELISA 24 hours after the last session of the exercise program. One-way ANOVA and Tukey&#39;s post hoc test at <em>P</em>-value< 0.05 were used to analyze the data.<br> <strong>Results:</strong> The results of the study revealed that aerobic exercise and L-carnitine consumption have a significant effect on BDNF (<em>P</em>-value= 001), MDA (<em>P</em>-value= 001) and GPX (<em>P</em>-value= 001) of the diabetic rats.<br> <strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>:</strong> According to the results, it is suggested that diabetic patients use aerobic exercise and supplementation with carnitine with caution and physician advice. Aerobic exercise, L-carnitine, Diabetes, BDNF, MDA, GPX 7 13 http://ijdo.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-30-264&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Alireza Shahsavar 0000-0003-3297-2149 Yes PhD Student of Exercise Physiology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. Hamid Rajabi 0000-0002-3276-1598 No Professor of Exercise Physiology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. Reza Gharakhanlou 0000-0001-5490-5444 No Professor of Exercise Physiology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Reza Dehkhoda 0000-0002-2521-4983 No Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.