en تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <strong>Objective:</strong> Apoptosis of pancreatic beta cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of continuous aerobic training on Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in pancreatic tissue of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.<br> <strong>Materials and Methods</strong><strong>:</strong> A total number of 40 male Wistar rats, were divided into healthy control (HC), healthy trained (HT), diabetic control (DC), and diabetic trained (DT) groups. Diabetes was also induced by a single intraperitoneally injection of STZ (45 mg/kg). the training groups performed the exercise on the treadmill for five consecutive days within six weeks with 10-18 m/min intensity and 10-30 minute duration based on the principle of overload. the pancreatic tissue levels of the Bax and the Bcl-2 proteins were further determined via the ELISA method. The analysis of variance test (ANOVA) with Tukey&#39;s post hoc test was used for analyzing the data.<br> <strong>Results:</strong> The results showed that the induction of diabetes had significantly decreased the levels of Bcl-2 protein and increased the levels of Bax protein and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in the pancreatic tissue (<em>P</em>-value=0.001,Effect Size=0.29). As well, the findings showed that six weeks of aerobic exercise training had significantly increased the levels of Bcl-2 and significantly decreased the levels of Bax and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in the DT group (<em>P</em>-value=0.012, Effect Size=0.23).<br> <strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>:</strong> According to the results of this study, exercise can be considered an effective strategy to reduce the rate of diabetic-induced apoptosis and control its complications. Diabetes, Apoptosis, Bax, Bcl-2, Exercise, Rehabilitation 173 177 http://ijdo.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-30-322&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mehdi Bostani 0000-0002-3284-6356 Yes Department of Physical Education, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran. Seyed Aenollah Noaein 0000-0002-1512-962X No Department of Physical Education, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.