en تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:normal"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Objective:</span></span></span></b><b> </b><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Obesity ultimately results in a variety of metabolic changes, the most significant of which is insulin resistance, which is a contributing factor to both type </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">2</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> diabetes and permanent insulin resistance? The purpose of this study was to determine whether these two medications break down insulin resistance concurrently and, if so, what modifications are made to the levels of the targeted proteins in the insulin signaling pathway in type 2 diabetic adipose tissue in humans.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:normal"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Materials and Methods</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">:</span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">A clinical trial is described in this article. We used (sodium dodecyl sulfate poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE) and western blot analyses to identify the presence of insulin resistance-related proteins Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in the adipose tissue of type 2 diabetic patients. We looked at six individuals who were receiving simultaneous treatment with metformin and sitagliptin for three months, four of whom returned after treatment.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:normal"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Results:</span></span></b> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Increases in glucose disposal, decreases in serum glucose levels (</span></span><i><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">P</span></span></i><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">< 0.05), decreased insulin resistance (</span></span><i><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">P</span></span></i><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">< 0.05), and changes in serum insulin levels were seen after concurrent therapy with metformin and sitagliptin. Conversely, an increase in the proteins implicated in insulin resistance, including PI3K, mTOR, and IRS-1, was noted in the adipose tissue of diabetic individuals (</span></span><i><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">P</span></span></i><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">< 0.05).</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:normal"><span calibri="" style="font-family:"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Conclusion</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">:</span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The insulin resistance-related proteins IRS-1, PI3K, and mTOR in type 2 diabetic adipose tissue were markedly improved by concurrent metformin and sitagliptin treatment.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Insulin Resistance, Metformin, Sitagliptin, Diabetes, Glucose transporter 4 175 181 http://ijdo.ssu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-30-453&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Reza Didehdar 0000-0002-6283-1657 Yes Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, International Campus of Shahid Saduoghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran. Yousof Naghiaee 0000-0001-9644-798X No Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Saduoghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Javad Mohiti-Ardekani 0000-0001-5096-8894 No Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Saduoghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Naeimeh Heiranizadeh 0000-0002-7362-4039 No Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Saduoghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Masaoud Rahmanian 0000-0001-8199-7081 No Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.