Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity
Shahid Sadoughi University Of Medical Sciences
Fri, Nov 22, 2024
[Archive]
Volume 15, Issue 4 (12-2023)
IJDO 2023, 15(4): 194-200 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Mehrabbeik A, Mirzaei M, Askari M, Sahami M A, Minoosepehr M, Namiranian N. Clinical Manifestations and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Diabetes Mellitus People, Yazd, Iran-2021. IJDO 2023; 15 (4) :194-200
URL: http://ijdo.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-830-en.html
URL: http://ijdo.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-830-en.html
Akram Mehrabbeik 
, Mohsen Mirzaei , Maryam Askari , Mohamad Ali Sahami , Mozhgan Minoosepehr , Nasim Namiranian *
, Mohsen Mirzaei , Maryam Askari , Mohamad Ali Sahami , Mozhgan Minoosepehr , Nasim Namiranian *
Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd. Iran.
Abstract: (301 Views)
Objective: Diabetes mellitus is reported to be the third most prevalent comorbidity with COVID-19, after cardio‐cerebrovascular disease and hypertension. Furthermore, diabetes increases the likelihood of admission to the hospital and intensive care unit and death from COVID-19. The aim of the present study was to compare the clinical manifestations and outcomes of COVID-19 in diabetic versus non-diabetic inpatients.
Materials and Methods: The medical records of 6525 patients with definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 were obtained from the reference COVID-19 diagnosis laboratory from January to July 2021 in Yazd, Iran. Patients were investigated for data on onset, clinical history, and fatality rate. COVID-19-related death was defined as positive RT-PCR in at least one of three nasal samples. Data were analysed using SPSS 24.
Results: Among inpatients, 21.2% were diabetic. The mean ages of diabetic and non-diabetic patients were 64.45 (±13.87) and 52.98 (±20.36) years, respectively. Diabetics were more likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit (6.8% vs. 5%, P= 0.02) and the fatality rate was higher among them than non-diabetics (22.6% vs. 12%, P< 0.001). In diabetics, the mean age of non-survivors was lower than that of survivors (62.57 vs. 70.48, P= 0.0001) and the frequency of death was higher among men than women (53% vs. 47.5%, P= 0.045). Generally, diabetes has the strongest association with COVID-19 death (P= 0.0001).
Conclusion: Diabetic patients experience more adverse outcomes because of COVID-19. These findings indicate the need for special attention in relation to prevention treatment against COVID-19 in patients with diabetes.
Materials and Methods: The medical records of 6525 patients with definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 were obtained from the reference COVID-19 diagnosis laboratory from January to July 2021 in Yazd, Iran. Patients were investigated for data on onset, clinical history, and fatality rate. COVID-19-related death was defined as positive RT-PCR in at least one of three nasal samples. Data were analysed using SPSS 24.
Results: Among inpatients, 21.2% were diabetic. The mean ages of diabetic and non-diabetic patients were 64.45 (±13.87) and 52.98 (±20.36) years, respectively. Diabetics were more likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit (6.8% vs. 5%, P= 0.02) and the fatality rate was higher among them than non-diabetics (22.6% vs. 12%, P< 0.001). In diabetics, the mean age of non-survivors was lower than that of survivors (62.57 vs. 70.48, P= 0.0001) and the frequency of death was higher among men than women (53% vs. 47.5%, P= 0.045). Generally, diabetes has the strongest association with COVID-19 death (P= 0.0001).
Conclusion: Diabetic patients experience more adverse outcomes because of COVID-19. These findings indicate the need for special attention in relation to prevention treatment against COVID-19 in patients with diabetes.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2023/12/30 | Accepted: 2023/12/19 | Published: 2023/12/19
Received: 2023/12/30 | Accepted: 2023/12/19 | Published: 2023/12/19
References
1. Farnoosh G, Alishiri G, Hosseini Zijoud S, Dorostkar R, Jalali Farahani A. Understanding the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) based on available evidence-a narrative review. Journal of Military Medicine. 2020;22(1):1-11.
2. Mahase E. Covid-19: WHO declares pandemic because of "alarming levels" of spread, severity, and inaction. Bmj. 2020;368(8):1036.
3. Organization WHO. WHO COVID-19 Dashboard. World Health Organization;2022. https://covid19.who.int/.
4. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The lancet. 2020;395(10223):507-13.
5. Bai Y, Yao L, Wei T, Tian F, Jin DY, Chen L, et al. Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19. Jama. 2020;323(14):1406-7.
6. Atlas D. International diabetes federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 7th edn. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation. 2015;33(2).
7. Li B, Yang J, Zhao F, Zhi L, Wang X, Liu L, et al. Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China. Clinical research in cardiology. 2020;109:531-8.
8. Ansari K, Mousavi SA, Cheraghipour M, AkhoundiMeybodi Z. Comorbidity of Diabetes and Covid-19 in 570 Positive Polymerase Chain Reaction Patients in Yazd-2019-2020. Iranian journal of diabetes and obesity. 2022;14(3):138-44.
9. Zhang JJ, Dong X, Cao YY, Yuan YD, Yang YB, Yan YQ, et al. Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 in Wuhan, China. Allergy. 2020;75(7):1730-41.
10. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. New England journal of medicine. 2020;382(18):1708-20.
11. Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Liu H, Wu Y, et al Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. The lancet respiratory medicine. 2020;8(5):475-81.
12. Jafar N, Edriss H, Nugent K. The effect of short-term hyperglycemia on the innate immune system. The American journal of the medical sciences. 2016;351(2):201-11.
13. Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. The lancet. 2020;395(10229):1033-4.
14. Cuschieri S, Grech S. COVID-19 and diabetes: The why, the what and the how. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications. 2020;34(9):107637.
15. Pugliese G, Vitale M, Resi V, Orsi E. Is diabetes mellitus a risk factor for COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19)?. Acta diabetologica. 2020;57(11):1275-85.
16. Xie J, Tong Z, Guan X, Du B, Qiu H. Clinical characteristics of patients who died of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. JAMA network open. 2020;3(4):e205619.
17. Guan WJ, Liang WH, Zhao Y, Liang HR, Chen ZS, Li YM, et al. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis. European Respiratory Journal. 2020;55(5):2000547.
18. Feldman EL, Savelieff MG, Hayek SS, Pennathur S, Kretzler M, Pop-Busui R. COVID-19 and diabetes: a collision and collusion of two diseases. Diabetes. 2020;69(12):2549-65.
19. Kim M, Budd N, Batorsky B, Krubiner C, Manchikanti S, Waldrop G, et al. Barriers to and facilitators of stocking healthy food options: viewpoints of Baltimore City small storeowners. Ecology of food and nutrition. 2017;56(1):17-30.
20. Gupta A, Nayan N, Nair R, Kumar K, Joshi A, Sharma S, et al. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension increase risk of death in novel corona virus patients irrespective of age: a prospective observational study of co-morbidities and COVID-19 from India. SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine. 2021;3(4):937-44.
21. Kumar A, Arora A, Sharma P, Anikhindi SA, Bansal N, Singla V, Khare S, et al. Is diabetes mellitus associated with mortality and severity of COVID-19? A meta-analysis. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2020;14(4):535-45.
22. COVID C, Team R, Chow N, Fleming-Dutra K, Gierke R, Hall A, et al. Preliminary estimates of the prevalence of selected underlying health conditions among patients with coronavirus disease 2019-United States, February 12-March 28, 2020. Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2020 Apr 4;69(13):382-86.
23. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. jama. 2020;323(11):1061-9.
24. Sardu C, Gargiulo G, Esposito G, Paolisso G, Marfella R. Impact of diabetes mellitus on clinical outcomes in patients affected by Covid-19. Cardiovascular diabetology. 2020;19(76):1-4.
25. Singh AK, Szczech L, Tang KL, Barnhart H, Sapp S, Wolfson M, et al. Correction of anemia with epoetin alfa in chronic kidney disease. New England Journal of Medicine. 2006;355(20):2085-98.
26. Peric S, Stulnig TM. Diabetes and COVID-19: disease-management-people. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. 2020;132(13-14):356-61.
27. Zhu L, She ZG, Cheng X, Qin JJ, Zhang XJ, Cai J, et al. Association of blood glucose control and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing type 2 diabetes. Cell metabolism. 2020;31(6):1068-77.
28. Yan Y, Yang Y, Wang F, Ren H, Zhang S, Shi X, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe covid-19 with diabetes. BMJ open diabetes research and care. 2020;8(1):e001343.
29. Zhang Y, Cui Y, Shen M, Zhang J, Liu B, Dai M, et al. Association of diabetes mellitus with disease severity and prognosis in COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study. Diabetes research and clinical practice. 2020;165:108227.
30. Hadjadj S, Saulnier PJ, Ruan Y, Zhu X, Pekmezaris R, Marre M, et al. Associations of microvascular complications with all‐cause death in patients with diabetes and COVID‐19: The Coronado, ABCD COVID‐19 UK national audit and Americado study groups. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 2023;25(1):78-88.
31. Petrilli CM, Jones SA, Yang J, Rajagopalan H, O'Donnell L, Chernyak Y, et al. Factors associated with hospital admission and critical illness among 5279 people with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York City: prospective cohort study. bmj. 2020;369 m1966.
32. Rayman G, Lumb A, Kennon B, et al. Guidelines for the management of diabetes services and patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Diabetic Medicine. 2020;37(7):1087-9. [DOI:10.1111/dme.14316]
33. Nafakhi H, Alareedh M, Al-Buthabhak K, et al. Predictors of adverse in-hospital outcome and recovery in patients with diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 pneumonia in Iraq. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2021;15(1):33-8.
34. Barron E, Bakhai C, Kar P, et al. Associations of type 1 and type 2 diabetes with COVID-19-related mortality in England: a whole-population study. The lancet Diabetes & endocrinology. 2020;8(10):813-22.
35. Wray S, Arrowsmith S. The Physiological Mechanisms of the Sex-Based Difference in Outcomes of COVID19 Infection. Frontiers in Physiology. 2021;12:71.
36. Deiana G, Azara A, Dettori M, et al. Deaths in SARS-Cov-2 positive patients in Italy: the influence of underlying health conditions on lethality. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020;17(12):4450.
37. Li Lq, Huang T, Wang Yq, et al. COVID‐19 patients' clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta‐analysis. Journal of medical virology. 2020;92(6):577-83.
38. Zhao Y, Zhao Z, Wang Y, et al. Single-cell RNA expression profiling of ACE2, the putative receptor of Wuhan 2019-nCov. BioRxiv. 2020.
39. Ma R, Holt R. COVID‐19 and diabetes. Diabetic Medicine. 2020.
40. Ceriello A. Management of diabetes today: An exciting confusion. Diabetes research and clinical practice. 2020;162:108129-39.
41. Guo A-X, Cui J-J, OuYang Q-Y, et al. The clinical characteristics and mortal causes analysis of COVID-19 death patients. MedRxiv. 2020.
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
