Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity
Shahid Sadoughi University Of Medical Sciences
Fri, Nov 21, 2025
[Archive]
Volume 17, Issue 4 (10-2025)
IJDO 2025, 17(4): 218-228 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
N. Ekerette N, A. Oladoyinbo C, I. Effiong J. Obesity and Hypertension among market traders in Uyo Metropolis. IJDO 2025; 17 (4) :218-228
URL: http://ijdo.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-989-en.html
URL: http://ijdo.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-989-en.html
Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Uyo, Uyo , Nigeria.
Abstract: (121 Views)
Objective: Market traders face an increased risk of chronic diseases due to prevailing conditions in marketplaces. This study assessed obesity and hypertension among 421 traders in Uyo Metropolis, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference [WC]) and blood pressure (BP) measurements were obtained using standard protocols. Overweight and obesity were defined as BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m² and ≥30 kg/m², respectively; abdominal obesity (AOB) as WC ≥102 cm (men) and ≥88 cm (women); and hypertension as systolic BP≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP≥ 90 mmHg. Physical activity (PA) was assessed using the IPAQ short form.
Results: The prevalence of overweight, obesity, AOB, and hypertension were 39.2%, 23.4%, 47.3%, and 24.2%, respectively, while low PA was 9.0%. Predictors of increased BMI included AOB (AOR= 5.2; 95% CI: 3.1–8.9) and age 31–50 years (AOR= 3.0; 95% CI: 1.6–5.3). The strongest predictors of AOB were female sex (AOR= 10.3; 95% CI: 5.5–19.5), age ≥51 years (AOR= 4.0; 95% CI: 1.3–12.2), and increased BMI (AOR = 5.7; 95% CI: 3.2–10.0). Hypertension was most strongly associated with age ≥51 years (AOR= 9.5; 95% CI: 3.1–29.3), monthly income ≥ ₦100,000 (AOR = 4.3; 95% CI: 1.4–12.9), increased BMI (AOR= 2.4; 95% CI: 1.2–4.6) and AOB (AOR= 2.0; 95% CI: 1.2–3.6).
Conclusion: Obesity and hypertension were highly prevalent among traders, underscoring the need for regular screening and behavioral interventions for prevention and management.
Materials and Methods: Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference [WC]) and blood pressure (BP) measurements were obtained using standard protocols. Overweight and obesity were defined as BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m² and ≥30 kg/m², respectively; abdominal obesity (AOB) as WC ≥102 cm (men) and ≥88 cm (women); and hypertension as systolic BP≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP≥ 90 mmHg. Physical activity (PA) was assessed using the IPAQ short form.
Results: The prevalence of overweight, obesity, AOB, and hypertension were 39.2%, 23.4%, 47.3%, and 24.2%, respectively, while low PA was 9.0%. Predictors of increased BMI included AOB (AOR= 5.2; 95% CI: 3.1–8.9) and age 31–50 years (AOR= 3.0; 95% CI: 1.6–5.3). The strongest predictors of AOB were female sex (AOR= 10.3; 95% CI: 5.5–19.5), age ≥51 years (AOR= 4.0; 95% CI: 1.3–12.2), and increased BMI (AOR = 5.7; 95% CI: 3.2–10.0). Hypertension was most strongly associated with age ≥51 years (AOR= 9.5; 95% CI: 3.1–29.3), monthly income ≥ ₦100,000 (AOR = 4.3; 95% CI: 1.4–12.9), increased BMI (AOR= 2.4; 95% CI: 1.2–4.6) and AOB (AOR= 2.0; 95% CI: 1.2–3.6).
Conclusion: Obesity and hypertension were highly prevalent among traders, underscoring the need for regular screening and behavioral interventions for prevention and management.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/03/3 | Accepted: 2025/09/17 | Published: 2025/10/30
Received: 2025/03/3 | Accepted: 2025/09/17 | Published: 2025/10/30
References
1. Ramalan MA, Gezawa ID, Musa BM, Uloko AE, Fakhraddeen YM. Prevalence and trends of adult overweight and obesity in Nigeria-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 2023;26(1):1-5.
2. World Health Organization. Fact sheet: A healthy lifestyle - WHO recommendations [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2025 Feb 23]. Available from: https://www.who.int/europe/news-room/fact-sheets/item/a-healthy-lifestyle---who-recommendations.
3. Landsberg L, Aronne LJ, Beilin LJ, Burke V, Igel LI, Lloyd‐Jones D, et al. Obesity‐related hypertension: Pathogenesis, cardiovascular risk, and treatment-A position paper of the The Obesity Society and the American Society of Hypertension. Obesity. 2013;21(1):8-24.
4. World Health Organization. Noncommunicable diseases [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 Feb 26]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases.
5. Chukwuonye II, Ohagwu KA, Ogah OS, John C, Oviasu E, Anyabolu EN, et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Nigeria: systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies. PLOS global public health. 2022;2(6):e0000515.
6. Adeloye D, Basquill C, Aderemi AV, Thompson JY, Obi FA. An estimate of the prevalence of hypertension in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of hypertension. 2015;33(2):230-42.
7. Awosan KJ, Ibrahim MT, Essien E, Yusuf AA, Okolo AC. Dietary pattern, lifestyle, nutrition status and prevalence of hypertension among traders in Sokoto Central market, Sokoto, Nigeria. International journal of nutrition and metabolism. 2014;6(1):9-17.
8. Daboer JC, Ismaila EL, Ibrahim ZS, Gomwalk JJ, Adoga EY. Prevalence of noncommunicable disease risk factors among market traders in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 2021;24(4):476-82.
9. Wordu G, Akusu OM. Dietary pattern and prevalence of high blood pressure among adult traders in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Medicine and Health. 2018;11(1):1-7.
10. Tella A, Rachael OO, Bello MO, Ayobami AA, Oboh JI, Olatunbosun AS, et al. Food Pattern and Dietary Habits of Women Traders and its Effect on the Nutritional Well-Being of Their Children (Aged 1-36 Months) in Selected Markets in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. American Journal of Pediatric Medicine and Health Sciences. 2024;2(3):213-27.
11. World Health Organization. Waist circumference and waist-hip ratio: Report of a WHO expert consultation, Geneva, 8-11 December 2008 [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2025 Feb 26]. Available from: https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/who-44583.
12. Frese EM, Fick A, Sadowsky SH. Blood pressure measurement guidelines for physical therapists. Cardiopulmonary physical therapy journal. 2011;22(2):5-12.
13. James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler J, et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). Jama. 2014;311(5):507-20.
14. IPAQ Research Committee. Guidelines for data processing and analysis of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-short and long forms. http://www. ipaq. ki. se/scoring. pdf. 2005:1-15.
15. Bhaskaran K, dos-Santos-Silva I, Leon DA, Douglas IJ, Smeeth L. Association of BMI with overall and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study of 3·6 million adults in the UK. The lancet Diabetes & endocrinology. 2018;6(12):944-53.
16. Kraft P, Kraft B. Explaining socioeconomic disparities in health behaviours: A review of biopsychological pathways involving stress and inflammation. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2021;127:689-708.
17. Oladoyinbo CA, Abiodun AM, Akinbule OO, Okeke IU, John EB. Modifiable risk factors for overweight and obesity among traders in Abeokuta South Local Government Area, Ogun State. African Journal of Biomedical Research. 2019;22(2):127-33.
18. Oladoyinbo CA, Ekerette NN, Ogunubi TI. Obesity and hypertension amongst traders in Ijebu Ode, Nigeria. African Journal of Biomedical Research. 2015;18(1):23-7.
19. Ulasi II, Ijoma CK, Onwubere BJ, Arodiwe E, Onodugo O, Okafor C. High prevalence and low awareness of hypertension in a market population in Enugu, Nigeria. International journal of hypertension. 2011;2011(1):869675.
20. Vincent-Onabajo GO, Adaji JO, Umeonwuka CI. Prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension among traders at a regional market in Nigeria. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research. 2017;7(2):97-101.
21. Achonu Chinmeri U, Amira Christiana O, Abiola Abdulhakeem O. Prevalence, Risk factors for Hypertension among Traders in Lagos. Prevalence. 2022;7(1):38-49.
22. Oparil S, Acelajado MC, Bakris GL, Berlowitz DR, Cifkova R, Dominiczak AF, et al. Hypertension Nature reviews Disease primers. 2018;4:18014 [Internet].
23. Zhao L, Meng X, Zhang QY, Dong XQ, Zhou XL. A narrative review of prehypertension and the cardiovascular system: effects and potential pathogenic mechanisms. Annals of Translational Medicine. 2021;9(2):170.
24. Shariq OA, McKenzie TJ. Obesity-related hypertension: a review of pathophysiology, management, and the role of metabolic surgery. Gland surgery. 2020;9(1):80-93.
25. Janssen TI, Voelcker-Rehage C. Leisure-time physical activity, occupational physical activity and the physical activity paradox in healthcare workers: a systematic overview of the literature. International journal of nursing studies. 2023;141:104470.
26. Cetthakrikul S, Perngparn U. Work-related musculoskeletal disorder and health risk behaviors in market-vendors: a mixed-methods study. PeerJ. 2024;12:e18079.
27. Sylvia LG, Bernstein EE, Hubbard JL, Keating L, Anderson EJ. Practical guide to measuring physical activity. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2014;114(2):199-208.
28. Cleven L, Krell-Roesch J, Nigg CR, Woll A. The association between physical activity with incident obesity, coronary heart disease, diabetes and hypertension in adults: a systematic review of longitudinal studies published after 2012. BMC public health. 2020;20(1):726.
29. Reckelhoff JF. Gender differences in hypertension. Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension. 2018;27(3):176-81.
30. Cooper AJ, Gupta SR, Moustafa AF, Chao AM. Sex/gender differences in obesity prevalence, comorbidities, and treatment. Current obesity reports. 2021;10(4):458-66.
31. Buford TW. Hypertension and aging. Ageing research reviews. 2016;26:96-111.
32. Autret K, Bekelman TA. Socioeconomic status and obesity. Journal of the Endocrine Society. 2024;8(11):bvae176.
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
